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Tarihin Kasar Jamaica Kashi Na Biyu (2) |
Maroons (Maroons zuriyar ’yan Afirka ne a Amurka da tsibiran Tekun Indiya waɗanda suka tsere daga bauta suka kafa nasu matsuguni).
A lokacin tashin hankalin da ya haifar da sauyi daga Mutanen Espanya zuwa turawan Ingilishi a shekara ta 1655, yawancin bayin Afirka ta Yamma wadanda mallakar Mutanen Espanya a da suka tsere zuwa cikin tsakiyar tsaunukan Jamaica kuma suka jagoranci bijirewa bautar da aka a ci gaba da yi a Jamaica tsawon shekaru 200. Wadannan bayin da suka tsere sun raya nasu al'adu daban-daban bisa tushensu na yammacin Afirka. Da aka fi sani da Maroons, ’yan Burtaniya ba su taba iya shawo kansu ba ko kuma su mallake su, kuma an ba su ‘yancin cin gashin kai a siyasance a shekara ta 1739. Zuriyarsu da al’adunsu har yanzu suna nan a Jamaica ta zamani, wanda sun bar tarihi shaida na fasaha da jamarumtaka da tsayuwa tsayin daka.
Afirka a cikin Caribbean da juriya ga bauta
Shigo da aikin bayi na Afirka, wanda Mutanen Espanya suka fara, ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin Burtaniya da ƙarfi sosai, kuma ya ƙaru a hankali yayin da yawan albarkatun sukari ya ƙaru kuma yayi daraja. Yawancin bayin Jamaica sun fito ne daga yankin Ghana ta zamani da Najeriya da Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma sun hada da Akan, Ashanti, Yarbawa, Ibo da Ibibio. Ya zuwa karni na 18, Jamaica ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mallakar Biritaniya. Amma yanayin da bayi suke bijere wa lamarin yana da ban tsoro. An raba iyali akai-akai. Yanayin gidaje da rashin tsafta sun kasance marasa kyau. Duka da azabtarwa sun yi yawa. Mutane da yawa sun mutu saboda yawan aiki da yunwa. Tsawon rayuwar bawa daga Afirka ta Yamma a Jamaica shi ne shekaru 7.
An daina cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807. A lokacin, an yi cinikin bayi kusan miliyan 2 zuwa Jamaica, inda dubun-dubatarsu suka mutu a cikin jiragen ruwa na bayi a tsakiyar Afirka ta Yamma da Caribbean.
Bayan haka, bayan kusan shekaru 250 na tawaye da tsayin daka, an sami nasarar ‘yantuwa daga bauta a ƙarshen shekara ta 1838.
