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| Genghis Khan |
Bayan ya kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa yana hada kan kabilun Mongol, ya kaddamar da jerin hare-haren soji wadanda suka mamaye manyan sassan kasar Sin da tsakiyar Asiya
Duk da yake ba zai yiwu a san tabbatacciyar adadin mutanen da suka halaka a lokacin mamayar Mongol ba, masana tarihi da yawa sun ce adadin ya kai kusan miliyan 40. Kididdigar da aka yi a tsakiyar zamanai ta nuna cewa yawan al'ummar kasar Sin ya ragu da dubun-dubatar mutane a zamanin rayuwar Khan, kuma masana sun yi kiyasin cewa, mai yiwuwa ya kashe kashi uku bisa hudu na al'ummar Iran na zamanin a yakin da ya yi da daular Khwarezmid. Duk da Haka aka ce, hare-haren Mongol na iya rage yawan al'ummar duniya da kusan kashi 11 cikin dari.
Genghis Khan (An haife shi Temüjin ; c. 1162 - 25 ga Agusta 1227), wanda kuma aka sani da Chinggis Khan, kuma ana kiransa Temujin, wanda ke nufin "na ƙarfe" ko "maƙera." Bai sami suna mai daraja ba "Genghis Kahn" sai a shekara ta 1206, lokacin da aka ayyana shi shugaban Mongols a taron kabila da aka sani da "kurultai." Duk da yake "Khan" lakabi ne na gargajiya ma'ana "shugaba" ko "mai mulki," masana tarihi har yanzu ba su da tabbacin asalin "Genghis." Wataƙila yana nufin “teku” amma a cikin kasar yawanci ana fassara shi da “mafi iko” ko “mai mulkin duniya.
Shi ne wanda ya kafa khagan na farko na Daular Mongol, wanda daga baya ta zama daula mafi girma a tarihi. Bayan ya kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa yana hada kan kabilun Mongol, ya kaddamar da jerin hare-haren soji wadanda suka mamaye manyan sassan kasar Sin da tsakiyar Asiya.
A farkon shekarunsa na 20 ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban jarumi kuma jagora. Bayan da ya tara rundunar magoya bayansa, sai ya fara kulla kawance da shugabannin manyan kabilu.
Genghis Khan mabiyi addinin Tengrism (Tengri shi ne babban abin bautawa da masu mulki na mutanen tsakiyar Asiya su ke bautawa a ƙarni na 6 zuwa na 9 al'ummar Turkawa, Mongols da Hungarians).
An haifeshi a yankin Khentii dake a Mongolia yanzu Yana da Mace Kwaya daya Rak mai suna Borte wadda mahaifinsa ya aura masa ita tun yana dan shekara tara a duniya kuma akan kashe mahaifin Borte (A Wani Kaulin Ance Mahaifinsa Aka Kashe) Wanda ya jawo fushin Genghis Kahn har ya shafe wata al'umma a ban kasa saboda sun bashi abinci da guba a ciki, Genghis Khan Ya na da 'ya'ya guda uku a duniya Ogedei, Chagadai da Tului wanda babbansu Ogedei ne ya gajeshi bayan rasuwarsa.
Ilimin tarihi (History) ya nuna Genghis Khan ya kashe mutane fiye da miliyan uku (Mutanen Da Ya Kashe A Rayuwarsa Gabadaya Sun kai Miliyan 40) kafin ya kafa daularsa ta hanyar mamayar kananan kabilu a cikin yaki da mamayen da yake yiwa masarautu da yankunan dake Taiwan, Japan da China ta yanzu da kuma wasu bangarori yankin Asia kafin daga bisani sudawo karkashin mulkinsa.
A farkon shekarar 1200 Khan ya kaddamar da yaki ga manyan yankunan Naimans, Merkits, Tanguts da kuma wadanda ke adawa da salon munkinsa wanda dama sune suka sawa mahaifin matarsa Borte guba a abinci yaci ya mutu, Kahn ya kai wannnan harin ne da dakarunsa guda 20,000 inda ya kashe kusan mutane miliyan biyar kamar yadda littafin "The Anciant Mangolia" ya bayyana.
Bayan kai wannan mummunan farmaki ne wadancan yankuna guda hudu suka karayin wani gagarumin laifi a wajen Khan inda suka kama matarsa Borte wannan lamari ba karamin harzuka Genghis Khan yayi ba in da ya sake hada wata rundunar mayakansa ta mutum dubu 30,000 nan ma ya sake kashe wasu miliyoyin mutanen kamar yadda yazo a littafin "The Secret of the History of Mangol" anan ne aka shafe kabilar Jin a doron Duniya sai dai wadannan yake-yake ba suzo a shekara daya ba, ilimin tarihi da bincike ya nuna Khan ya kashe mutane fiyeda miliyan goma sanadin sanyawa surikinsa guba kawai.
Genghis Khan sau da yawa yana ba wa sauran masarautu damar yin biyayya ga mulkin Mongol cikin lumana, amma idan suka ki sai Ya kaddamar da Yaki akansu Daya daga cikin shahararrun yakin da ya yi na daukar fansa ya zo ne a shekara ta 1219, bayan da Shah na daular Khwarezmid ta karya wata yarjejeniya da Mongols.
Genghis ya ba wa Shah wata yarjejeniya ta kasuwanci mai mahimmanci don musayar kaya a kan hanyar siliki, amma lokacin da aka kashe jakadunsa na farko, Khan ya fusata ya mayar da martani ta hanyar kaddamar da rundunarsa ta Mongol a yankunan Khwarezmid a Farisa.
Yakin da ya biyo baya ya yi sanadin mutuwar miliyoyin mutane sannan daular Shah ta ruguje, amma Khan bai tsaya nan ba. Ya bi diddigin nasarar da ya samu ta hanyar komawa gabas ya yi yaki a kan Tanguts na Xi Xia, Da gungun 'yan kabilar Mongol da suka ki amincewa da umarninsa na samar da dakaru don mamaye yankin Khwarizm. Bayan fatattakar sojojin Tangut tare da korar su daga babban birninsu, Babban Khan ya ba da umarnin a kashe dukkan dangin masarautar Tangut a matsayin ladabtar da su. Genghis Khan bai taba cin nasara akansa a yaki ba. Duk da haka magadansa ba su yi nasara ba kamar babban Khan. Duk da cewa ba a san adadin yawan ya'yan da ya haifa ba! amma Masana tarihi sun kiyasta tsakanin ɗari da haka. Tare da matarsa ta farko, sun haifi yara tsakanin 8 zuwa 10.
Littafin ya tabbatar da mutuwar Genghis Khan a watan Ranar 25 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1227 ta hanyar yi masa asiri inda yayi tasiri akansa bayan an harbeshi da kibiya mai dafi a wajen farauta kamar yadda wannan majiyar tarihin taci gaba da bayyanawa Khan ya danyi jinya kafin ya mutu a binne shi a gabar tekun Onon, sai dai kuma wata majiyar tarihi ta tabbar da cewa Khan ya baiwa Ya'yansa wasiyar cewa idan ya mutu babban dansa wanda ya gajeshi Ogedei ya dauki gawarsa cinkin dare yayi tafiya mai nisa cikin daji shi kadai sannan ya binneshi kada ya bari kowa yasan inda aka binneshi kuma kada yabar wata alama ko shedar da wasu zasu gane kabarinsa.
Amma (The History Channel) Sunce Ba wanda ya san yadda ya rasu ko inda aka binne shi.
Duk da ya mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1227 Yanada shekaru 65 a duniya. Anyi baƙin ciki sosai don yasa An ɓoye Kabarinsa, a cewar almara, jerin gwanon jana'izarsa na yanka duk wanda suka Hadu dashi a lokacin tafiyarsu sannan suka rika hawa dawakai a kan kabarinsa don su taimaka wajen boye kabarin. Akwai yuwuwar kabarin yana kusa da wani tsaunin Mongolian da ake kira Burkhan Khaldun, amma har yau ba a san takamaiman inda yake ba.
Tarayyar Soviet sun yi ƙoƙari su kawar da tunaninsa a Mongolia.
A yanzu ana kallon Genghis Khan a matsayin gwarzon kasa kuma uban kasar Mongoliya, amma a zamanin mulkin Soviet a karni na 20, an hana ambaton koda sunansa kadai da fatan kawar da duk wata alama ta kishin kasa ta Mongolian, Soviets sun yi ƙoƙari su danne tunanin Khan ta hanyar cire labarinsa daga litattafan makaranta da kuma hana mutane yin aikin ziyarar kabarin mahaifarsa a Khentii.
Daga karshe Genghis Khan ya koma cikin tarihin Mongolian bayan da kasar ta samu 'yancin kai a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma tun daga nan ya zama Abin Tunawa a fannin fasaha da al'adu. The Great Khan an sa sunansa a babban filin jirgin saman kasar da ke birnin kasar Ulan Bator, kuma hotonsa ya bayyana a kan kudin Mongolian.
Kamar yadda ya tabbata a tarihi kasar China ta gina gidan tarihi na musamman tasa masa sunan Khan, sannan a shekarar 2006 kasar China ta sassaka wani gunkin dutse na Khan domin alhinin kashe-kashen da yayi a duniya.
